Y}ap!@ Ff;nd vDk; b$h;khdpaUf;F ntl;ilapy; kpFe;j Mh;tk;. xU ehs; ntl;ilapd; nghJ xU khidr; Rl;Ltpl;lhh;. Fz;L khdpd; xU fhiy Jisj;Jtpl;lJ. fhy; fhaj;Jld; Xoa khd;. vjpnu bjd;gl;l xU Fsj;jpy; ,w';fp/ fhak;gl;l fhiy ePhpDs; mKf;fpf; bfhz;L bfh";r neuk; epd;W tpl;L XoaJ. mLj;j ehs; mnj ,lj;jpw;F Ff;nd te;jbghGJ/ mnj fhak;gl;lkhd; mj Fsj;jpDs; ,w';fp/ fhaj;ij ePhpDs; mkpH;j;jptpl;L XoaJ. ,e;j rk;gtk; Ff;ndtpd; kdjpy; ePz;lehl;fs; j';fp/ jPtpukhd jhf;fj;ij cz;lhf;fpaJ fhaj;ij Mw;Wk; Fzk;/ rhjhuz Fsph;e;j ePUf;F cz;L vd;w Kot[f;F te;jhh;. fhak;gl;l Fjpiu/ eha; ,tw;iwf; Fsph;ePhpy; epw;f itj;Jg; ghpnrhjpj;jhh;. fhak; MWtJk;/ gpuhzpfs; epk;kjpg; bgU\r;rptpLtija[k; nehpy; fhh;j;jhhh;.

mg;nghJjhd; ,aw;if kUj;Jtj;jpd; mog;gilf; bfhs;iffs; tFf;fg;gl;L gpdhhspy; tpij tpijf;fg;gl;lJ. bjhlh;e;Jepbag;/ brgh!@oad; Mh;dhy;L hpf;fp nghd;nwhuhy; ,e;j ,aw;if kUj;Jtk;/ g[jpa Fzg;gLj;Jk; tp":"hdkhf tsh;e;bjhLf;fg;gl;lJ. b$h;kdp/ gpuhd;R/. M!@jphpah vd;W gutp ,d;W mbkhpf;fhtpy; mjpfk; gpugykile;J tUfpwJ. ,aw;if/ kUj;Jtj;jpd; ,y;yk; vd;gjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. lhf;lh; od;ld;/ lhf;lh; bfy;yhf;/ lhf;lh; ouay;/ lhf;lh; ypj;jhf; nghd;wth;fs; M';fpy kUj;Jth;fshf ,Ue;jnghJk;. ,aw;if kUJ;Jtk; \yk; nehahspfs; tpiuthfg; gad; bgWtij neuoahff; fz;Lzh;e;jJk;/ KGf;f ,aw;if kUj;Jth;fshfnt khwptpl;ldh;.

  jkpHh;fshfpa ehk; 2000 Mz;L fhykhf rpj;j kUj;Jtj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp te;jnghJjpYk;. ,e;jpahtpy; Ma[h;ntj kUj;JtKiw \ynk Xust[f;F ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; mwpKfkhdJ. mJt[k; \ypiffs;/ nahfh ,tw;iw gad;gLj;Jtjhy; Ma[h;ntj kUj;Jtj;jpw;Fs; ,aw;if kUj;Jt mk;rk; ml';fpapUe;jJ vd;fpw mst[f;nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bgw;wpUe;jJ. jdpbahU kUj;Jt Kiwahf mjw;F ,lkpy;yhkypUe;jJ. kfhj;kh fhe;jp \yk;jhd; ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; neuoahfj; bjhpate;jJ. jhnd filg;gpj;Jk;/ ,JFwpj;J vGjpa[k; fhe;jp ,w;j tp#aj;jpy; gyiu <h;j;jjh;. nkho/ nghjhh; nghd;wth;fs; ,aw;if kUj;Jt ,y;y';fs;/ Mrpuk';fisj; njhw;Wtpj;jdh;.

  ,d;iwa M';fpa kUj;Jtj;jpd; mog;gilapy; fpUkpj;bjhw;nw neha;f;Ff; fhuzkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ ,aw;if kUj;Jtnkh xUgo nknyngha;/ clypDs; nrUfpw me;dpaj;jd;ika[ila fHpt[fns fhuzk; vd;Wk; ,e;jf; fpUkp tptfhuk;Tl ,jpy; ,d;Wjhd; vd;Wk; TWfpwJ. neha; vjph;g;g[ rf;jp clypy; Fiwjy; vd;gij ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; Vw;gjpy;iy clypy; nt;lhj me;jpag; bghUspd; nrh;f;ifapy;jhd; neha; vd;W cWjpahf ek;g[fpwJ. 1915 y; yz;ldpy; kUj;Jt mjpfhhp lhf;lh; nQkh; vd;gth; fpUkpj; bjhw;why; kilgha;L fha;r;ry; tutpy;iy/ khwhf ilgha;L fha;r;ry;jhd; fpUkpj;bjhw;iw cz;hf;fpaJ vd;W ghpnrhjidapy; fz;L brhd;dhh;.

kUj;Jtg; nguhrphpah; ngl;ld; nfh`bgh; vd;gth; tFg;giwapy; jdJ khzth;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; xU nrhjidf;FHha; epiwa khzth;fspd; Kdkdpiyapy; U nrhjidf;FHha; epiwa fhyuh fpUkpfis epiwj;J tpG;fpdhh;. xd;Wnk Mftpy;iy. Mapuf;fzf;fhdth; ml';fpa xU giliana mHpf;fty;y mst[ fhyuh fpUkpfis tpG';fpa[k; xd;Wnk Mftpy;iy. fpUkpfSf;Ff; fhyuht[f;Fk; neuoj; bjhlh;gpy;iy vd ep+gpj;jhh;. xt;bthU kdpjdpd; clypy; tpa{fk; rhh;e;jJ neha;j; bjhw;W vd;W mwptpj;jjhh;.

  clyhpy; me;epag; bghUs; nrh;jiyna neha; vd;W brhy;fpw ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; me;j me;epa bghUis clypy; ,Ue;J btspnaw;Wtijna rpfpr;ir vd;Wk; brhy;YfpwJ ,aw;if kUj;Jtk;/ me;j me;jpag; bghUis clypy; ,Ue;J btspnaw;Wtijna rpfpr;ir vd;Wk; brhy;YfpwJ. ,jdhy; vy;yh neha;fSf;Fk; ,nu fhuzk;/ vy;yh neha;fSf;Fk; xnu rpfpr;ir vd;Wk;. Fwpg;gpl neha; my;yJ neha;g;gl;l clw; rpfpr;ir vd;wpy;yhky; KG cliya[k; Fzg;gLj;JfpwJ ,aw;if kUj;Jtk;.

        jw;fhyj;jpy; xt;bthU cWg;g[f;Fk;/ rpwg;g[r; rpfpr;ir kUj;JtKk;/ kUj;Jth;fSk; te;Jtpl;ljhy;/ nehahspfSf;F miyr;rYk; mjpf bryt[k;/ cly; Fwpj;jhd ftdj;jpy; KGikapd;wp/ rpjWz;l ftdpg;ng fpilf;fpwJ. ,e;j tifapy; ngrpf; bfhz;nl nghtjhy;/ M';fpy kUj;Jtj;jpd; mjpetPd nehawpa[k; tpj';fs;/ fUtpfs;/ mWit rfpr;ir kUe;Jfs; ,tw;iw Kw;whf kWg;gjhf thrfh;fs; vLj;Jf; bfhs;sf; TlhJ. khwhf etPd kUe;Jfspd; gf;f tpist[fshd urhadj; jd;ik/ er;Rj; jd;ik ,tw;iw kUj;Jtk; gf;fk; jpUk;gpf; bfhz;oUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;fpw jftiyna typa[Wj;j tpUk;g[fpnwhk;.

    ve;jbthU neha; my;yJ typa[k; ,aw;if kdpjDf;Fj; jUk; jz;lidjhd;. fUiz kpFe;j ,aw;if md;id ,g;gor; bra;ayhkh? Mk;. jha; jd; FHe;ijiaf; fz;oj;J jz;og;gJ nghyj;jhd; ,J? kdpjd; jd; cliyg; ngzhky; mtkjpf;Fk; nghJ my;yJ g[wf;fzpf;Fk; nghJ/ ,aw;if/ mtDila eyd; fUjpj;jhd;/ mtd; kPJ nfhgk; bfhz;L neha; my;yJ typiaj; njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ fha;r;ry;/ mjpf cly;NL/ \r;Rj;jpzwy;/ mjpfk; tpah;j;jy;/ typ/ tPf;fk; nghd;wit \yk; kdpjidf; fz;oj;J vGg;gptpLfpwJ. me;jf; fhyj;jpy; ilgha;L nehahspia 21 ehl;fSf;F jdpna ngrhky; gLf;f itg;ghh;fs;. ,aw;if/ jhdhfnt mtd; clypypUe;J fpUkpfis btspnawitj;J \d;W thu fhyj;jpy; Fzg;gLj;;jptpLk;. mk;ik neha;fSk;Tl ,g;goj;jhd; ,aw;ifahf Fzkhfp te;jd. ,e;j tifapy; fha;r;ry; vd;gJ tuntw;fg;gl ntz;oa xd;W. kUe;J bfhLj;J mij mlf;fhky; tpl;lhy;/ fha;r;ryhdJ clk;gpYs;s midj;J neha;fisa[k; nghf;fp/ g[j;Jzh;r;rpiaj; jUk;/ fha;r;ry; njithadJk;Tl ehd; xU ehs; Tl fha;r;ry;ny tpGe;jJ fpilahJ vd;W rpyh; gPw;wpf; bfhs;sf; nfl;oUg;nghk;. gpd;dhspy; rhjhuz xU nehapy; tpGe;J/ ,we;Jk;Tl nghthh;fs; mth;fs;. ,jw;F ,aw;ifkUj;Jtk; TWk; fhuzk; fha;r;ry; tuhkypUe;jJ jhd; fha;r;rny tuhjjhy; mth;fSila clypDs; nrh;e;j me;epa bghUs; ePf;fk; fhy';fhykhf eilbgwhknyna ,Ue;Jtpl;lJ filrpapy; fha;r;ry; te;jnghJ ,w;wpYkhf me;epag; bghUs; ePf;fk; eilbgw ,ayhky; mst[f;fjpfkhf nrh;e;jpUe;jhy; kuzj;jpw;F VJthapw;W vdntjhd; mof;fo fha;r;riy tuntw;fpwJ ,aw;if kUj;Jtk;.

Fzkhf;Fjypy; g[jpa Kiwfs;„-
  clw;gapw;rp \yk; cly; btg;gk; bgw;W/ cly;eyk; nghqjy; xUtHp vd;whYk;/ Fspay;fs;/ cz;zhtpuk; nghd;wita[k; Fzg;gLj;Jjypy; Kf;fpa g';F tfpf;fpd;wd. clw;gapw;rp \ykhf btg;gk; clypd; El;gkhd gFjpfspy; gutp Rj;jk;; bra;a Kotjpy;iy Mdhy;/ rpy Fspay; Kiwfs; ,ijr; bra;fpd;wd. Fsph;e;j ePiuj; njhypd;kPJ Cw;wpf; bfhs;Sjy; \yk; braw;ifahf nknyhl;lkhf xU uj;j Xl;lg;nghf;F gut[fpwJ. ,J clypYs;s me;epa bghUis Mf;!pfuzg;gLj;jp btspnaw;WfpwJ.

vdnt/ ,aw;if kUj;Jtj;jpy; Fspay; mog;gilahd rpfpr;ir Kiwfspy; xd;W fpsh;e;j ePh; Fspay; vg;go clypy; btg;gj;ij cUthf;FfpwJ bjhpa[kh> vspjhd xU cjhuzk; \yk; g[hpe;J bfhs;S';fs;. ,uz;L lk;sh;fspy; xd;wpy; RLePh;/ kw;wjpy; Fsph;ePh;. RLePh; cs;s lk;shpDs; xU tpuiy tpl;L/ tpuy; NlhdJk; vLj;;J Fsph;ePh; lk;shpy; tpL';fs; me;j tpuypy; cd;d czh;r;rp> vP';fpdJ nghynth joj;jJnghynth me;j tpuiy czh;tPh;fs;. ,J Vd;> jobud btg;gtpuy; kPJ Fsph;ePh; gl;lJk;/ tpuYf;Fs; XLk; Nlhd uj;jk; tpuypd; njhy; nehf;fpg; gha;e;J te;J NL Tl;LfpwJ> ,g;goj;jhd; Fsph;ePh; - NL ePh; Fspay; jj;Jtj;jpd; \yk; ,aw;if uj;j Xl;lj;ij cUthf;Ftjd; \yKk;/ cz;zhtpujk; \yKk; rpfpr;iraspf;fpwJ.

Tlnt cly; mikg;g[. cWg;g[fspd; ntiyfs;/ $Puzkz;lyk;/ uj;j Xl;lk; vd;W cly; gw;wpa KG tput';fSk; bjhpe;jgpd;dnu/ ,aw;if kUj;Jt rpfpr;irgw;wp fw;Wj; jug;gLfpwJ. tPl;oypUe;nj vtUk; bra;J bfhs;sf;ToaJ ,aw;if kUj;Jtrpfpr;ir.
  Fspay;/ clw;gapw;rp/ czt[ my;yJ cz;zhik vd;fpw ,e;j \d;W ,aw;if kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir Kiwfisj; jdpj;jdpna ghh;f;Fk;Kd;/ uj;j Xl;lk; Fwpj;J mwpe;J bfhs;syhk;.

,uj;jKk; mjd; Xl;lKk;.
  cliy Mnuhf;fpakhf itj;jpUg;gJ ,uj;j Xl;lk;jjhd;. xt;bthU jpRt[f;Fk; cztspj;J/ fHpt[ ePf;fpj; jUfpwJ ,uj;jk;. ,e;j uj;j Xl;lj;ijr; bra;tJ clypYs;s xU jirg;gk;g[ ,jak;. jkdp/ rpiufs; \yk; Rj;j ,uj;jk;/ fHtp uj;jk; clYf;Fs; gha;tJk;/ jpRf;fs; czt[ bgWtJ;; fHpt[ eP';FtJk; bjhlh;e;J eilbgWfpwJ. xU epkplj;jpy; Ie;J ypl;lh; uj;jk; ,e;j khjphp ,jak; \yk; gk;g[ bra;ag;gLfpwJ. jkdpfspYk; Ez;zpa uj;jf; FHha;fspYk; jtwhd czt[g;gHf;f tHf;f';fshy; my;yJ ntz;lhj thH;f;if Kiwahy; me;jpag; bghUs; goe;J uj;j Xl;lk; jpzwpdhy;/ ,e;j Fspay; rpfpr;ir \yk; rhpbray;ayhk;. fHpt[fis my;yJ me;jepag; bghUis braw;if uj;j Xl;lk; \yk; Fsph;ePh; j;j;Jtk; cz;lhf;Ftjd; \yk; Mf;!pfuzg;gLj;jp Rj;jg;gLj;jptplyhk;. uj;j Xl;lk; rPuhfp cly; eyk; ngzg;gLk;

,aw;if kUj;Jt Kiwapd; cWjpg;gh„-
  uhftd; vd;fpw ,sk; jgyh fiy"Uf;F fLikahd bgg;of; my;rh;. g[fH;bgw;w mnyhgjp kUj;Jth;fSk; iftpl;ldh;. ,aw;if kUj;Jt tHpapy; mtUf;F Kjy; \d;W ehl;fs; ePh; kw;Wk; vYkpr;irr; rhW k;Lnk bfhLj;J gl;odp nghlg;gl;lJ. gpd;g[ ehw;gJ ehl;fSf;F rpW rpW ,ilbtspfspy; btWk; ghy;/ mJt[; bfh";rk; bfh";rkhff; bfhLj;J gl;odpapy; ,Uf;f itf;fg;gl;lhh;. ehsiltpy; KG lk;sh; ghYld;/ bky;y tHf;fkhd czt[ cl;bfhs;s itf;fg;gl;lhh;. jpdKk; ,Untis vdpkht[k;/ ,Lg;g[f;FspaYk; jug;gl;lJ. jpObud xU ehs; mtUf;F the;jpa[k;/ fLk; fLk; fha;r;rYk; te;Jtpl;lJ.

Mrdthapy; uj;jf;frpt[ ntW. vy;nyhUk; gae;Jtpl;lhh;fs;. ,g;nghJ xU cz;ikiaj; bjhptpj;jhf ntz;Lk;. ,aw;if kUj;Jtj;jpy; ,bjy;yhk; ,ay;t[ neha; cliytpl;L eP';Fk; jUzj;jpy; clk;gpypUe;J tp#f;fHpt[fs; Kw;whf btspnaWk; tpje;jhd; ,g;go nehahspf;F neh;tJ. ,jw;fhf ahUk; fytug;gl;Ltplf;TlhJ. rpfpr;iriaj; bjhlu ntz;Lk;. mLj;j ehnshTl ,e;j the;jp/ fha;r;ry; uj;jg;nghf;F nghd;wit epd;W tpLk; .,e;jj; jgyhf; fiy"Uf;F mg;goj;jhd; neh;e;jJ. bgUk;ghYki; ePz;l fhyj;jpya ,aw;if kUj;Jt rpfpr;irapy;jhd; ,g;go MFk;. mg;nghJ ,aw;if kUj;Jth; fzfhzpg;ig kPwp/ nehahsp jd;dpr;irahf vJt[k; bra;tJ ey;yjy;y.

  ,nj nghy 75 taJ bgz;kzp epnkhdpahtpy; gLj;j gLf;ifahfp/ vYk;g[f; TL nghyhfptpl;lhh;. kUj;Jtkidapy; ek;gpf;if ,He;Jtpl;lhh;fs; ,uz;L vdpkh/ RLePh; - FspePh; Fspay; vd ,aw;if kUj;Jt rpfpr;irf;Fg;gpd; gpiHj;Jtpl;l mth; nkYk; 15 Mz;Lfs; eykhf thH;e;jhh; E}w;Wehd;F ofphp ghud;QPl; fha;r;rYld;/ rpd;dk;ik neha; jhf;fpa xU rpWtDf;F ,uz;L ehl;fs; Kd;g[jhd; ,nj nehahy; jdJ jk;gpia ,He;jtDf;F Jzpe;J ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; bra;ag;gl;lJ. rpWtdpd; cly; KGf;f/ Kfk; jtph;j;J <ukz;zhy; FiHj;Jg; gw;W nghlg;gl;lJ. xU brd;o kPl;lh; fdj;jpw;F gw;Wg;nghl;L ,U nghh;itahy; nghh;j;jg;gl;lhd;. rpy kzp neu';fspnyna fha;r;ry; E}Wf;Fk; fPnH Fiwe;jJ. ,uz;blhU ehsp; rpd;dk;ika[k; tho/ gpd; rpWtd; g{uz eyk; bgw;whd;.

,aw;if kUj;Jtj;jpy; fhe;jp$papd; mDgt';fs;„-
  fhe;jp$p ,aw;if kUj;Jtj;jpy; mjPj ek;gpf;if bfhz;oUe;jhh;. jdJ Ra mDgtk; \ynk ,e;j ek;gpf;ifiaf; iff;bfhz;lhh;. ,J Fwpj;J mth; Qhp$d; gj;jphpifapy; vGjpa fl;Liufs; gpd;dh; ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; vd;w E}ypy; nrh;f;fg;gl;ld. jdf;F te;j kyr;rpf;fy;/ \yk; M!@Jkh/ be";rf ePh; nfhh;j g[~urp neha; nghd;wtw;iw \ypif/ Ma[h;ntj kUj;Jtk; \yk;Tl rpfpr;ir nkw;bfhs;s kWj;J/ vdpkh fspkz; gw;W/. Fspay; gl;odp nghd;w ,aw;if kUj;Jt tHpfspnyna Fzkhf;fpf; bfhz;lhh;. ,jd; \yk; mth; ,aw;if kUj:Jtuhft[k; jd;id ep+gpj;Jf; bfhs;s Koe;jJ. kw;wth;fSf;Fk; ,e;j Kiwapy; rpfpr;iraspf;ft[k; Kd;te;jhh;.

  fhe;jpapd; ,uz;lhtJ kfd; kzpyhYf;F mg;nghJ taJ 10 epnkhdpaht[ld;/ ilgha;Lk; ifnfhh;j;J kzpyhiyf; fplj;jptpl;lJ. M';fpy kUj;Jth;fs; ,dp kUe;jyy; gydpUf;fhJ vd;Wk; /Kl;ila[k; nfhHp Ng;g[k; je;J ghh;f;fyhk; vd;w nghJ fhe;jp kWj;Jtpl;lhh;. ,aw;if kUj;Jtj;ij Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhh; fhe;jp. \d;W epkpl ,ilbtspfspy; kfDf;F ,Lg;g[f;Fspay; rpfpr;ir je;jhh; Mu";Rr; rhiw kl;Lnk \d;W ehl;fSf;Fj; je;J ghh;j;jnghJ kzpyhYf;F E}w;W ehd;F ofphpahdJ cly; btg;gk;. fhe;jp$p ek;gpf;if ,Hf;ftpy;iy.

<uj;Jzpahy; kfdpd; cliyr; Rw;wp/ Kfj;ij kl;Lk; btspna bjhpaf; fplj;jpdhh;. jiyf;F <uj;Jzp gw;Wg;nghl;L/ cliy ,uz;L nghh;itfshy; nghh;j;jptpl;lhh;;. md;W khiyapnyna kzpyhYf;F fha;r;ry; tpl;lJ. ed;whf nth;;j;j gpd;g[ kzpyhy; vGe;J cl;fhh;e;jhd;. gpd;g[ MHe;j cwf;fj;jpy; epk;kjpahfj; J}';fpdhhd;. ,nj rpfpr;iria gHur';fSk;/ ePh;j;j ghYk; kl;Lnk bfhLj;J ehw;gJ ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; kzpyhiy Kw;wpYk; Fzkhf;fptpl;lhh; fhe;jp$p.