Mjp Œ Mnuhf;fpak;  Œ bra;jp

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mhpJ mhpJ khdpluha; gpwg;gJ mhpJ/
Td;/ FUL/ brtpL/ ngL eP';fp
gpwg;gJ mjdpDk; mhpJ

vd;w mt;it \jhl;oapd; thf;Fg;go ve;jf; Fiwa[k; ,y;yhky; kdpj caph;fs; $dpg;gJ mw;g[jkhd tp#ak; jhd;. Mdhy; ,ay;ghfnt gpwe;j FHe;ijfSf;F gy;ntW gpur;rpidfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; rpy Fiwfs; jhdhfnt kiwe;J tpLk;. rpytw;iw ehk; jhd; ftdkhf ,Ue;J fz;Lgpof;f ntz;Lk;. fz;ghh;it FiwghL/ fhJ nfl;Fk; jpwd; nghd;w tp#a';fis cd;dpg;ghf ,Ue;J Muk;gj;jpnyna fz;Lgpoj;J tpl;lhy;/ rpfpr;ir \yk; Fzg;gLj;JtJ vspJ. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; mth;fs; thH;ehs; KGtJk; f#;lg;gl ntz;oaJ jhd;. Mf/ rpy FHe;ijfs; gpwg;gpnyna FiwfSld; gpwe;J ,Ue;jhYk;/ mij bgw;nwhh;fSf;Fk;/ cw;whh;fSf;Fk; ftdpf;f jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; mth;fis mwpahknyna/ FHe;ijfspd; vjph;fhy gpur;rpidfSf;F fhuzkhfp tpLfpwhh;fs;. ,J xUg[wk; vd;why;/ kWg[wk; gpur;rpid ntW khjphpahf cs;sJ. jhapd; tapw;Wf;Fs; ,Ue;J btsptUk; nghnj FHe;ijfs; rpy FHg;gkhd mwpFwpfSld; jhd; tUfpwhh;fs;. ,it rpy rkak; ve;jtpjkhd rpfpr;ira[k; ,y;yhky; jhdhfnt kiwe;J tpLk;. Mdhy; ,e;j tptuk; bjhpahky; bgw;nwhh;fSk;/ cwtpdh;fSk; fy';fpj; jtpg;ghh;fs;.

Mf/ gpwe;j FHe;ijfSf;F ,ay;ghf fhzg;gLk; gpur;rpidfs; vd;bdd;d> mit jhdhf kiwe;J tpLkh> my;yJ kUj;Jth; rpfpr;ir mspj;jhy; jhd; FzkhFkh> vd;gJ gw;wp jhahfg; nghFk; xt;bthU bgz;qk; mtrpak; bjhpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,J tp#aj;jpy; Vw;fdnt mDgtk; bgw;wth; fspd; fUj;Jf;fis nfl;L mwpe;J bfhs;tJ kpft[k; ifbfhLf;Fk;. ,dp FHe;ijfs; gpwe;jJ Kjy; mth;fSf;F Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfisa[k;/ mJ bjhlh;ghf tphpthd tptu';fisa[k; bjhpe;J bfhs;nthk;.

g[jpjhf gpwe;j FHe;ij (ehh;ky;)

ruhrhp fh;g;g fhyk; 40 thu';fs; MFk;. ,e;j fhyj;Jf;Fg; gpwF gpwf;Fk; FHe;ijfspd; ruhrhp vil 2.8 fpnyh fpuhkhf ,Uf;Fk;. 2.5 fpnyht[f;F Fiwthd vila[ld; gpwf;Fk; FHe;ijfis nyh gh;j; btapl; nggp vd;W brhy;fpnwhk;. ,j;jifa FHe;ijfSf;F rpwg;g[ guhkhpg;g[ njit.

ehh;kyhf FHe;ijfspd; bghJthd ,ay;g[fs; gpd; tUkhW-

vil - 2.5 fpnyh Kjy; 3.5 fpnyh tiu
ePsk; - 50 br.kP.
jiyRw;wst[ -35 br.kP.
,Uja Jog;g[ - 120 Kjy; 140 tiu (1 epkplj;Jf;F)
Rthrpj;jy; - epkplj;Jf;F 30 Kjy; 40 tiu

ehh;ky; FHe;ij gpwe;jt[ld; jiy kw;Wk; fhy;/ iffspd; Edpg;gFjp ePy epwkhf fhzg;gLk;. Mdhy; rpy kzp neu';fspy; FHe;ij nuh!; fyUf;F te;JtpLk;. ,e;jf; FHe;ijfs; gpwf;Fk;nghnj rpWePh; fHpf;fyhk;. my;yJ gpwe;j gpwF rpWePh; fHpf;fyhk;. FHe;ij gpwe;jJk; Kjd;Kjyhf fHpf;Fk; kyj;Jf;F bknfhdpak; vd;W bgah;. ,J fWg;g[ fyhpy; ng!;l; nghy fhzg;gLk;. Kjy; ehspy; fWg;g[ epwj;jpy; fHpa[k; kyk; 2 my;yJ 3 ehl;fspy; gGg;g[ epwj;jpy; bry;Yk;. ,e;jf; FHe;ijfs; gpwe;j 3 my;yJ 4 kzp neuj;jpy; czt[ cl;bfhs;s (ghy; Fof;f) buoahfp tpLk;. Mifahy; jha; gf;fj;jpnyna gLf;f itf;f ntz;Lk;.

FHg;gk; Vw;gLj;Jk; k";rl;fhkhiy

k";rl; fhkhiy

k";rl;fhkhiy vd;gJ clypd; njhy; k";rs; epwj;jpYk; fz;fs; bts;is epwj;jpYk; ,Ug;gij Fwpg;gjhFk;. ,jid (Jaundice) vd;W brhy;fpnwhk;. g[jpjhf gpwe;j FHe;ijfshf ,Ug;gjhy; ,jid New Born Jaundice vd;W miHf;fpnwhk;.

igY+gpd; vd;w epwkp mjpfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; k";rs; fhkhiy cz;lhfpwJ. igY+gpd;fs; uj;j rptg;g[ mqf;fspy; Vw;gLk; gGJ fhuzkhf cUthfpwJ. Mdhy; tHf;fkhf g[jpjhf gpwe;j FHe;ijapd; <uy;Fiy igY+gpd;fis mHpj;J tpLfpwJ. rpy rkak; g[jpjhf igY+gpd; cUthFk;tiu midj;J igY+gpd;fisa[k; Jilj;J vLj;JtpLk;. ,aw;ifahd ,e;j bray;ghl;oy; Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gLtjd; tpist[jhd; k";rs;fhkhiy.

k";rs; fhkhiyapd; tiffs;

gprpnahyh$pf;fy; k";rs; fhkhiy
(Physiological jaundice)

rpy tifahd k";rs;fhkhiy bgUk;ghyhd FHe;ijfs; gpwe;j 2tJ ehspy; Vw;gLk;. 4 Kjy; 5 -tJ ehs; tiu cr;rf;fl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. Kjy; thuk; Koa[k; jUzj;jpy;jhd; k";rs; epwk; kiwa[k;. ,jid gprpnahyh$pf;fy; k";rs; fhkhiy vd;W brhy;fpnwhk;. blf;dpf;fyhf brhy;tjhdhy; igY+gpd; mst[ 10 Kjy; 16 kpy;yp fpuhKf;Fs; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

ngjyh$pf;fy; k";rs;fhkhiy
(Pathological jaundice)

FHe;ij gpwe;j 1 thuj;jpy; igY+gpd; kpf mjpfkhf/ mjhtJ 17 rjtPjj;;Jf;F mjpfkhf bry;Yk; nghJ Vw;gLk; k";rs; fhkhiyia ngjyh$pf;fy; k";rs;fhkhiy vd;W brhy;fpnwhk;. igY+gpd; ,g;go vy;iy kPwpr; bry;tJ \isf;F kpft[k; Mgj;jhdJ. tp#j;jd;ik bfhz;l ,J \isapy; epue;ju ghjpg;ig cz;L gz;qfpwJ. ,e;j ghpjhg epiyikf;F rpy fhuz';fis brhy;yyhk;. jha; kw;Wk; FHe;ijapd; uj;jg; gphpt[fs; Kuz;gLjy;/ FHe;ijia rpytif bjhw;W neha;fs; jhf;FtJ my;yJ <uy;Fiy mikg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; FiwghLfs; fhuzk; Mfpatw;iw Fwpg;gpl;Lr; brhy;yyhk;.

$hd;o!; M`g; gphPbkr;r{hpl;o
(Jaundice of prematurity)

,J bgUk;ghYk; Fiwg;gpurtj;jpy; gpwf;Fk; FHe;ijfSf;F jhd; tUk;. Vbddpy; igY+gpd;fis ifahStjw;F <uy;Fiyf;F mjpf neuk; vLj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

g;u!;l; kpy;f; $hd;o!;
Breast milk jaundice

jha;g;ghypy; cs;s Fwpg;gpl;l bghUs; g[jpjhf gpwe;j FHe;ijfSf;F k";rs;fhkhiy Vw;gl fhuzkhfpwJ. ,J tHf;fkhf FHe;ij gpwe;j 4-tJ ehspy; Vw;gLk;. MdhYk; rpy rka';fspy; ePz;l ehs; fHpj;J ga';fukhFk;. ,J nghd;w epiyapy; jha;g;ghy; bfhLg;gij epWj;jptpl;L 2 ehl;fSf;F g[l;og;ghy; bfhLf;f ntz;Lk;. gpur;rpid rhpahdJk; kPz;Lk; jha;g;ghy; bfhLf;fyhk;.

rpfpr;ir

gprpnahyh$pf;fy; k";rs;fhkhiyf;F rpwg;ghd rpfpr;ir vJt[k; ntz;lhk;. k";rs;fhkhiy ghjpj;j FHe;ijia ed;whf ftdpj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;f ntz;Lk;. k";rs; fhkhiy mjpfhpj;jhy;/ clnd FHe;ijia bfhz;L te;J r{hpa xspapy; fplj;jp tpl ntz;Lk;. fhiy my;yJ khiyapy; miu kzp neuk; ,g;go bra;jhy; nghJk;. mjw;fhf cr;rp btapy; neuj;jpnyh/ mjpf neuk; btapypnyh FHe;ijia tplf; TlhJ. mg;go bra;jhy; FHe;ijapd; clypy; tpiutpy; ePh; tw;Wjy; Vw;gLk;. my;yJ r{hpa xspapd; btg;gk; fhuzkhf fha';fs; Vw;glf; TLk;.

nghl;nlhbjugp

mjph;#;ltrkhf `g[nshbrd;l; my;yJ ,aw;if xspgLtjhy; igY+gpd;fs; ePh;kf; fiuryhf khwp tpLk;. mJ FHe;ij kyk; fHpf;Fk;nghJ vspjhf btspnawp tpLk;. ,e;j khjphp jUz';fspy; FHe;ijapd; xU fz;iz jpiu bfhz;L kiwj;J itf;fyhk;.

vf;!;nr";r; ouhd;!;gpa{#d;

nghl;nlhbjugp Kiwapy; fl;Lg;gLj;j Koahj k";rs; fhkhiyf;F cr;rf;fl;l rpfpr;irahf vf;!;nr";r; ouhd;!; gpa{#d; rpfpr;ir nkw;bfhs;sg;gLk;. ,k;Kiwapd; go igY+gpd;fs; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; uj;jj;ij ePf;fp tpl;L Fiwe;j igY+gpd;fs; bfhz;l uj;jj;ij FHe;ijf;F brYj;Jthh;fs;.

bgw;nwhUf;F gjl;lk; Vw;gLj;Jk;
tHf;fkhd tp#a';fs;

g[jpjhf gpwe;Js;s FHe;ijfSf;F vy;yhk; ehh;kyhf ,Uf;fpd;wdth> vy;yh cWg;g[fSk; xG';fhf ntiy bra;fpd;wdth> vd;gjpy; bgw;nwhUf;F jPuhj ftiy ,Uf;Fk;. tHf;fj;jpy; my;yhj VjhtJ xU rpW fhak;/ tL/ tPf;fk; ,Ue;jhy;Tl bgw;nwhh; gjl;lk; milaf; TLk;.

,';F g[jpjhf gpwe;j FHe;ijfsplk; fhzg;gLk; rpy tp#a';fisa[k;/ Fwpg;gpl;l neuk; te;jJk; kiwe;J tpLk; rpy Mgj;J ,y;yhj btspg;ghLfs; gw;wpa[k; fhz;nghk;.

ikypah (Milia)

\f;F kw;Wk; Kfj;jpd; kPJ bts;is epw g[s;spfshf njhd;Wk;. ,it vz;bza; gir jd;ik bfhz;l Rug;gpfspd; bgUf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l btspg;ghLjhd;. ,itfs; jhdhfnt kiwe;J tpLk;.

vhpj;njkh lhf;!pfk; (Erythema Toxicum)

bgaiu thrpj;jJk; Vnjh ga';fukhd tpahjp vd;W epidj;J tplhjPh;fs;. ve;jtpjkhd jP';Fk; bra;ahj rptg;g[ epw jpl;Lfs;/ ,it cly;gFjpapYk; kw;Wk; Kfj;jpy; tUk;. te;jJ nghynt jhdhfnt kiwe;J tpLk;.

k';nfhypad; !;ghl;!; (Mongolian Spots)

ePy epwj;jpy; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; ,e;j g[s;spfs; gpd;g[wj;jpYk;/ clypYk; ,Uf;Fk;. FHe;ij Kjy; gpwe;j ehis bfhz;lhLk; nghJ ,e;jg; g[s;spfs; jhdhfnt kiwe;J tpLk;.

!;nlhh;f; igl;!; (Stork bites)

FHe;ijapd; fGj;Jg; gplhp/ fz; ,ikfs;/ Kd;bew;wp/ \f;F Mfpa ,l';fspy; nuh!; kw;Wk; gGg;g[ fye;j epwj;jpy; g[s;spfs; fhzg;gLk;. ,jw;F gy g[uhzf; fijfs; brhy; thh;fs;. Mdhy; ftiyg;gl ntz;lhk;. jhdhfnt kiwe;J tpLk;.

njhy; chpjy; (Peeling of the skin)

rpy FHe;ijfSf;F njhy; cwpayhk;. Mdhy; ,Jgw;wp ftiyg;gl ntz;oajpy;iy. cwpe;J bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; njhypd; moapy; cs;s njhy; ehh;kyhft[k;/ Mnuhf;fpa khft[k; fhzg;gLk;. xUntis njhy; twz;L ,Ug;gjhf fUjpdhy; lhf;lhplk; ngryhk;.

khh;g[ rpte;J fhzg;gLjy; (Breast engorgement)

Mnzh/ bgz;nzh/ ve;j FHe;ijahf ,Ue;jhYk; gpwe;j 3 Kjy; 4-tJ ehspy; FHe;ijapd; khh;g[fs; mjpfkhf rpte;J fhzg;gLk;. khh;g[f; fhk;g[fspy; ,Ue;J bts;is epw jputk; bkJthf frpa Muk;gpf;Fk;. ,e;j jputj;ij nkhfpdp ghy; vd;W brhy;fpwhh;fs;. ,jw;F ve;jtpjkhd rpfpr;ira[k; ntz;lhk;. Mdhy; khh;g[fis mGj;jp tpLtnjh/ krh$; gz;qtnjh/ eRf;fnth TlhJ.

bgha; gy; (Natal teeth)

rpy FHe;ijfs; gpwf;Fk;nghnj gy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;fhf ftiyg;glhjPh;fs;. ,jid bgha; gw;fs; vd;W brhy;fpnwhk;. ,Jnghy $^ypa!; rPrh;/ Jsrpjhrh;/ beg;nghypad; MfpnahUf;F ,Ue;J ,Uf;fpwJ. ghy; gw;fs; Kisf;fj; bjhl';Ftjw;F Kd;djhf ,e;j bgha; gw;fs; jhdhfnt tpGe;J tpLk;. Mdhy; ,e;j gy; Mof; bfhz;oUe;jhnyh/ my;yJ jha; ghy; bfhLf;Fk;nghJ khh;gf';fspy; fhak; Vw;gLj;jpdhnyh kUj;Jthplk; brhy;yp ePf;fp tpLtJ ey;yJ.

gpnkhrp!; (Phimosis)

10 -f;F 8 Mz; FHe;ijfspy; Mz; Fwpapd; Kidg;gFjp Kd; njhyhy; \ona ,Uf;Fk;. ,jid vspjhf gpd;nd js;sp tpl KoahJ. ,jdhy; rpWePh; fHpg;gjpy; ve;jtpj khd gpur;rpida[k; ,Uf;fhJ. vd;d FHe;ijf;F ,g;go ,Uf;fpwnj vd;W epidj;Jf; bfhz;L tYf;fl;lhakhf Kd;njhiy gpd;nd js;sp tpl Kaw;rpf;f ntz;lhk;. mg;go bra;jhy; mJ fhaj;jpy; ngha; Koa[k;.

gprpnahyh$pf;fy;  $hd;o!; (Physiological Jaundice)

tHf;fkhf ,e;j tif k";rs;fhkhiy FHe;ij gpwe;j Kjy; ehs; Koe;jJk; bjhpa Muk;gpf;Fk;. Mdhy; 7-tJ ehspy; kiwe;J tpLk;. igY+gpd;fspd; mst[ 10 kpy;ypfpuhk; vd;w mst[f;F nky; nghff; TlhJ vd;gJ Kf;fpak;.
 
 

thhprPyh (rpf;fd; ghf;!;)

rpf;fd; ghf;!; vd;gJ thhprPyh-nrh!;lh; vd;w itu!; fpUkpapd; jhf;Fjyhy; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;neha; te;jth; fSf;F fha;r;ry;/ mhpg;g[/ bfhg;g[s';fs; nghd;w bjhy;iyfs; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;neha; Mnuhf;fpakhd FHe;ijfSf;F tUtjpy;iy. Mdhy; rpd;df;FHe;ijfs; kw;Wk; tajhd th;fSf;F tuyhk;. bjhw;wp gutf;Toa tifiar; nrh;e;j ,e;neha; kpft[k; Mgj;jhdJ.

Mdhy; ,e;neha; FHe;ijfspd; capUf;F Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. Mdhy; bgw;nwhUf;Fk; FHe;ijfSf;F fzprkhd neuk; kw;Wk; gzk; ,Hg;ig Vw;gLj;J fpwJ. neha; te;j FHe;ijfs; epiwa gs;sp ehl;fis tPzof;f ntz;o tUk;. mJnghy bgw;nwhh;fs; j';fs; FHe;ij fis ghh;j;Jf; bfhs;tjw;fhf epiwa ntiy ehl;fis jpahfk; bra;J gz tpuaKk; bra;a ntz;o ,Uf;Fk;.

mwpFwpfs;

rpf;fd; ghf;!; neha; te;jjhy; fha;r;ry;/ clby';Fk; bfhg;g[s';fs; btog;gJ/ mhpg;g[/ the;jp/ mUtUg;g[ nghd;w mwpFwpfs; bjd;gLk;. bgUk;ghYk; bfhg;g[ s';fis itj;J rpf;fd; ghf;i! milahsk; fhzyhk;.

rpf;fd; ghf;!; vg;go gut[k;>

rpf;fd; ghf;!; xU bjhw;W tpahjp MFk;. ,e;neha; te;jth;fs; J}k;ky; nghLk;nghJk;/ vr;rpy; Jg;g[k; nghJk; mjpYs;s itu!; fpUkpfs; mLj;jtUf;F gutp nehia cz;L gz;qk;. rpy neu';fspy; fh;g;gpzp jha; \yk; fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; FHe;ijf;Fk;/ my;yJ g[jpjhf gpwe;j FHe;ijf;Fk; Tl tuyhk;. neuo bjhLjy; \yk; gut[k; tha;g;g[ cs;sJ.

ahh; ahbuy;yhk; vspjpy; ghjpf;fg;gLth;>

rpf;fd;ghf;!; FHe;ijfs;/ taJ te;j Mz;fs;/ bgz;fs; vd ahiua[k; tpl;L itf;fhJ. FHe;ij gUtk;/ my;yJ taJ te;j gUtj;jpy; ,e;neha; tuyhk;. Mdhy; xd;W/ FHe;ij gUtj;jpy; rpf;fd; ghf;!; tuhjth;fSf;F taJ te;j gUtj;jpy; fl;lhak; tUk; tha;g;g[ cz;L. ,e;neha; bgUk;ghYk; ,sk; FHe;ijfisna mjpfkhf ghjpf;Fk;. ,J jtpu FHe;ijfSld; gHFk; Mrphpah;fs;/ FHe;ijfs; guhkhpg;g[ ,y;y';fs; elj;Jgth;fs;/ lhf;lh;fs;/ eh;Rfs;/ kUj;Jtkid CHpah;fs; MfpnahUf;F gutyhk;. FHe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; rpf;fd; ghf;!; tuhjth;fSf;F tajhd fhyj;jpy; rpf;fd; ghf;!; tUk;. mg;nghJ nehapd; jhf;fk; jPtpukhf ,Uf;Fk;.

bghpa gpur;rpid tUkh>

rpf;fd; ghf;!; nehapdhy; FHe;ijfSf;Fk;/ taJ te;j th;fSf;Fk; bghJthf bghpa gpur;rpid vJt[k; ,Uf;fhJ. clk;ig Rj;jkhf itj;Jf; bfhs;shjth; fSf;F njhypy; brhwp rpu';F my;yJ gil nghy tuf; TLk;. xU rpy FHe;ijfspy; itu!; jhf;Fjy; jPtpukhf ,Ue;jhy; EiuaPuypy; ghjpg;ig cz;L gz;zp epnkhdpah nehia Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,ijj; bjhlh;e;J \isapy; tPf;fk; kw;Wk; bjhw;W Vw;gLk;. ,J kpft[k; Mgj;jhdJ. Mdhy; bghJthf rpf;fd; ghf;!@ nehapd; fhyKk; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk;jhd;. mjdhy; Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfSk; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; kl;Lnk fhzg;gLk;.

taJ te;jth;fSf;F ghjpg;g[ mjpfk;

rpf;fd; ghf;!; FHe;ij gUtj;jpy; Vw;gLj;Jk; ghjpg;ig fhl;oYk; taJ te;jth;fs; kj;jpapy; cz;Lgz;qk; ghjpg;g[ fLikahf ,Uf;Fk;. taJ te;jth;fs; rpf;fd; ghf;!; tpahjpahy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;nghJ fLikahd fha;r;ry; ,Uf;Fk;. bfhg;g[s';fs; btoj;J jh';f Koahj typ Vw;gLk;. bgUk;ghyhd taJ te;jth;fSf;F epnkhdpah gpur;rpid tu tha;g;g[ cs;sJ. rpy rka';fspy; capUf;Fk; Mgj;J nehplyhk;. fh;g;gpzpfSf;F rpf;fd; ghf;!; nghLtJ kpft[k; Mgj;jhdJ.

fh;g;gpzpfSf;F rpf;fd; ghf;!;

fh;g;gpzpfSf;F rpf;fd; ghf;!; ghjpg;g[ vd;gJ ve;j fhyj;jpy; mth;fis itu!; fpUkpfs; bjhw;WfpwJ vd;gij bghWj;nj mika[k;. fh;g;gk; jhpj;j Kjy; 3 khjj;jpy; rpf;fd; ghf;!; nghl;lhy; fUf;fiya[k; Mgj;J ,Uf;fpwJ. mnj rkak; fh;g;g fhyj;jpy; filrp khj';fspy; rpf;fd; ghf;!; te;jhy; mijg;gw;wp ftiyg;gl ntz;oajpy;iy. Vbddpy; gpurt fhyj;jpy; btspg;gLk; Md;ogahof; bghUl;fs; fUt[f;F flj;jg;gLtjhy; rpf;fd; ghf;!; beU';f KoahJ. Mdhy; gpurtk; Mtjw;F 5 ehl;fs; Kd;ghf my;yJ gpurtk; Md 2 ehl;fs; fHpj;J rpf;fd; ghf;!; nghl;lhy; Md;o gahof; bghUl;fspd; braYf;F fl;Lg;glhky; itu!; fpUkpfs; neuoahf FHe;ijf;F brd;W tpLk;. g[jpjhf gpwe;j FHe;ijfSf;F ,g;go rpf;fd; ghf;!; tUtJ kpft[k; Mgj;jhdJ. Vbddpy; ,e;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; FHe;ijfspd; neha; vjph;g;g[ kz;lyj;jpd; rf;jp bfh";rkhf my;yJ gytPdkhf fhzg;gLk;. ,jdhy; FHe;ijfSf;F bghpa Mgj;J Vw;gLk;.

,Lg;g[ fug;ghDf;Fk;/ rpf;fd; ghf;Rf;Fk; vd;d tpj;jpahrk;>

,e;j ,uz;L gpur;rpidfSf;Fnk thhprPyh-nrh!;lh; vd;w itu!;jhd; fhuzk;. Mdhy; Kjypy; btspg;gL tJ rpf;fd; ghf;!; bfhg;g[s';fs; jhd;. xUKiw rpf;fd; ghf;!; te;Jtpl;lhy; clypy; neha; vjph;g;g[ rf;jp jhdhfnt tsh;e;J tpLk; vd;gJ cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; rpy rka';fspy; nkny Twpa itu!; fpUkpfs; euk;g[fspd; ,ilna cs;s ,l';fspy; ufrpakhf gJ';fp ,Uf;Fk;. clypd; neha; vjph;g;g[ rf;jp Fiwa[k; neuj;jpy; mjhtJ tajhd fhyj;jpy; ,e;j itu!; fpUkpfs; ntiyia fhl;Lk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,Lg;igr; Rw;wpYk; g[z;fSld;/ my;yJ bfhg;g[s';fSld; Toa njhy; tpahjp Vw;gLk;. ,jid ,Lg;g[ fug;ghd; vd;W miHf;fpnwhk;.

rpf;fd; ghf;!; nehia jLg;gJ vg;go>

rpf;fd; ghf;!; te;jth;fis jdp ,lj;jpy; itf;f ntz;Lk;. gs;sp kw;Wk; ntiyf;F mDg;gf; TlhJ. ,jd; \yk; itu!; fpUkpfs; mLj;jtUf;F gut[tij jLf;f Koa[k;. rpf;fd; ghf;!; itu!; fpUkpfs; jhf;fhky; ,Uf;f xnu tHp/ rpwe;j tHp mk;ik Fj;Jjy;jhd;.

mk;ik Fj;Jjy; fhuzkhf jw;nghija FHe;ijfSf;F ,e;neha; tUtjpy;iy. ,Jbjhlh;ghf c';fs; kUj;Jth; fis re;jpj;J tptu';fis nfl;L bjhpe;J bfhs;S';fs;.

fz;ghh;it FiwghL

bghJthf gpwe;j FHe;ijfs; 6 Kjy; 8 thu fhyj;Jf;Fs; jd;Dila jhia milahsk; fz;L bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. mJnghy FHe;ijapd; Kd; ahuhtJ iffis Ml;o/ fd;dj;ij bjhl;L ntof;if fhl;odhy; FHe;ijfs; mjw;F Vw;g bkypjhd czh;t[fis btspg;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. xUntis FHe;ijf;F ,uz;L fz;fspYk; ghh;it FiwghL ,Uf;Fkhdhy; me;jf; FHe;ij jhia milahsk; fz;Lbfhs;s Koahky; jtpf;Fk;. nkYk; mLj;jth;fspd; ntof;iff;F Vw;g czh;t[fis btspg;gLj;jjhJ. tsh;e;J eil gapYk;nghJ bghUl;fspd; kPJ Kl;o nkhj nehpLk;.

Mdhy; FHe;ijf;F xnu xU fz;zpy; kl;Lk; gpur;rpid ,Ue;jhy; mij fz;Lgpog;gJ rw;W rpukk; jhd;. MdhYk; rpy mwpFwpfs; \yk; fz; ghh;it Fiw ghl;il vspjhf fz;Lgpof;f Koa[k;. FiwghL cs;s fz;zhy;/ ,ay;ghd ,d;bdhU fz;zpd; mirt[f;F Vw;w tifapy; ,a';f KoahJ. ,jdhy; FHe;ij xU fz;zhy; rha;thf ghh;f;f Muk;gpf;Fk;. ,';Fjhd; khW fz; gpur;rpid cz;lhfpwJ. nkYk; FiwghLs;s fz; glglbtd fz;lgo Joj;Jf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;.

rpy neu';fspy; fhh;dpahtpy; my;yJ fz; ghg;ghtpy; bts;is epwk; bjhpe;jhy; mJ FiwghLs;s fz; vd;W bjhpe;J bfhs;syhk;. xUntis fpshf;nfhkh vdg;gLk; fz; ePh; mGj;j nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jhy; fz;fspy; ePh; nj';fp epw;Fk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf Fwpg;gpl;l fz; \yk; xU cUtj;ij bjspthf fhz KoahJ. k';fyhf bjhpa[k;.

filrpahf fz; ghh;itapy; ghjpg;g[ ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij kUj;Jtg; ghpnrhjid my;yJ fz; ghpnrhjid \ykhf fz;Lgpof;fyhk;.

fz; ghh;it FiwghLf;F fhuz';fs;

xU FHe;ijf;F fz; ghh;it FiwghL tUtjw;F gy;ntW fhuz';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; rpy-

1. xsptpyfy; FiwghL
2. fhl;uhf;l;
3. fpshf;nfhkh
4. khWfz;
5. fz;zpy; fhak; Vw;gLjy; (FHe;ijfs; fz;fspy; Vw;gl;l fha';fs; gw;wp bgw;nwhhplk; brhy;yhky; tpl;L tpLtjhy; ehs;nghf;fpy; ghjpg;g[ bghpjhFk;)
6. fhh;dpahtpy; neha;fs;
7. bul;odh kw;Wk; ghh;it euk;gpy; ghjpg;g[
8. guk;giu FiwghLfs;
9. fl;ofs;
kw;Wk; fz; ghh;itia ghjpf;Fk; ,ju fhuz';fs;.

ghh;it Fiw ,Ue;jhy;
vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;>

FHe;ijfSf;F Vw;gLk; ghh;it FiwghL gpur;rpid fspy; rpytw;iw vspjhf Fzg;gLj;jp tplyhk;. Mdhy; rpy gpur;rpidfs; rpf;fy; kpFe;jjhf capUf;nf Mgj;J tpistpf;ff; Toa mgha epiyapy; fhzg;gLk;. Mifahy; c';fs; FHe;ijf;F ghh;it FiwghL ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W eP';fs; re;njfpj;j mLj;j tpehona xU fz; kUj;Jt epg[zhplk; c';fs; FHe;ijia bfhz;L ngha; fhl;L';fs;. cz;ikapnyna FiwghL ,Uf;F khdhy; mth; fz;Lgpoj;J jFe;j itj;jpak; bra;thh;. fz;iz bghWj;jtiu vt;tst[ rPf;fpuk; rpfpr;ir mspf;f Koa[kh> mt;tst[ rPf;fpuk; rpfpr;ir bra;tjhy; fz; ghh;itiaa[k;/ FHe;ijapd; capiua[k; ghJfhf;f Koa[k;. jhkjkhd rpfpr;irahy; fz;ghh;it gwpnghFk; Mgj;J cs;sJ vd;gij bgw;nwhh;fs; czu ntz;oaJ kpft[k; mtrpak;.

Ke;ija fl;Liu